Antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of oleanolic acid from Ligustrum lucidum Ait in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Phytother Res 2009 Mar 9. Gao D, Li Q, Li Y, Liu Z, Fan Y, Liu Z, Zhao H, Li J, Han Z The present study evaluated the antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of oleanolic acid (OA) from Ligustrum lucidum Ait (LLA) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. OA in the alloxan-induced diabetic rats showed significant hypoglycemic activity by lowering blood glucose (at doses of 60 and 100 mg/kg for 40 days). The levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) in the OA-treated diabetic rats were lower, and the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) level was higher than in the control diabetic rats. A significant reduction in the serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels of diabetic rats following OA treatment was also observed. Furthermore, OA treatment decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) level, but increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) activities of the liver and kidney in diabetic rats. These results indicate that OA could protect the liver function avoiding alloxan-induced damage; OA had hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant efficacy in the diabetic rats. The antioxidant ability of OA might be one of the mechanisms of its hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects. Copyright (c) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of oleanolic acid << There is that .. choline .. again. Release of acetylcholine to raise insulin secretion in Wistar rats by oleanolic acid, one of the active principles contained in Cornus officinalis. Aug 14, 2006 Jen-Hao Hsu,Yang-Chang Wu,I-Min Liu,Juei-Tang Cheng The plasma glucose lowering action of fruits of cornus (Cornus officinalis), the major active constituent of Die-Huang-Wan, has been documented to mediate acetylcholine (ACh) release, which in turn to stimulate muscarinic M(3) receptors resulting in the enhancement of insulin secretion in rats with functional pancreatic beta-cells. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of oleanolic acid, one of the active principles of cornus fruit, on the release of insulin in rats. After an intraperitoneal injection into the fasting Wistar rats for 90 min, oleanolic acid decreased the plasma glucose in a dose-dependent manner in parallel to an increase of plasma levels of insulin as well as C-peptide. Moreover, disruption of synaptic ACh using an inhibitor of choline uptake, hemicholinium-3, or vesicular acetylcholine transport, vesamicol, abolished these actions of oleanolic acid. Also, physostigmine at concentration sufficient to inhibit acetylcholinesterase enhanced the actions of oleanolic acid. Both the plasma glucose lowering action and the raised plasma levels of insulin and C-peptide induced by oleanolic acid were also inhibited by 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperdine methiodide (4-DAMP), but not affected by the ganglionic nicotinic antagonist, pentolinium or hexamethonium. The results suggest that oleanolic acid has an ability to raise the release of ACh from nerve terminals, which in turn to stimulate muscarinic M(3) receptors in the pancreatic cells and augment the insulin release to result in plasma glucose lowering action. Thus, oleanolic acid is one of the active principles responsible for the increase of plasma insulin produced by cornus fruit in rats.

        I've seen little about the potential of dried fruit on periodontal disease one way or another, but dried fruit (including raisins) have long been known as severely cariogenic

                             II(O O)II                                 (~)

snip << Shteater .. you've been told .. DOOOO it .. shteater .. Antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of oleanolic acid from Ligustrum lucidum Ait in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Phytother Res 2009 Mar 9. Gao D, Li Q, Li Y, Liu Z, Fan Y, Liu Z, Zhao H, Li J, Han Z The present study evaluated the antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of oleanolic acid (OA) from Ligustrum lucidum Ait (LLA) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. OA in the alloxan-induced diabetic rats showed significant hypoglycemic activity by lowering blood glucose (at doses of 60 and 100 mg/kg for 40 days). The levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) in the OA-treated diabetic rats were lower, and the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) level was higher than in the control diabetic rats. A significant reduction in the serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels of diabetic rats following OA treatment was also observed. Furthermore, OA treatment decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) level, but increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) activities of the liver and kidney in diabetic rats. These results indicate that OA could protect the liver function avoiding alloxan-induced damage; OA had hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant efficacy in the diabetic rats. The antioxidant ability of OA might be one of the mechanisms of its hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects. Copyright (c) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.